the purpose of this article is to extend your knowing of the equipment hired for bettering the standard of published circuit forums (PCBs) in a realistic production surroundings, by means of discussing published circuit board faults and the try out innovations applied to discover those faults. this article emphasizes in-circuit trying out as a chief try and diagnostic approach. try suggestions are defined - enforcing sensible board testers, in-circuit board testers, in-circuit analyzers, and loaded­ board shorts testers. additionally mentioned are in-circuit tester's undefined, software program, repair turing, and programming. particular cognizance has been given to the in-circuit tester's functions and boundaries, gains and merits, merits and downsides. bankruptcy five, as a part of the whole creation checking out technique, discusses remodel stations, community­ ing, and try quarter administration. bankruptcy eight is dedicated to discussing the advantages derived by means of applying in-circuit checking out within the carrier fix enviornment. this article concludes with chapters on seller investiga­ tion and a monetary justification. extra emphasis is put on having layout engineering collect an curiosity in manufacturability, testability, and the significance of consulting with production early within the layout procedure. This ebook is designed for ease of interpreting and comprehension for all degrees of curiosity: ATE scholars, fust-time ATE clients, in addition to these occupied with try out, production, qc or insurance, creation, engineering, and management.